More Prepositional Pronouns

More Prepositional Pronouns

You have already met some of the prepositional pronouns in and . This lesson describes the remaining ones.

The prepositional pronouns of **à / às ‡ - out of**, **from (a place)** :
asam - out of me	asainn - out of us
asad - out of you	asaibh - out of you
às ‡ - out of him	asta - out of them
aiste - out of her	asta - out of them

‡ Although accented às is pronounced with a short but open vowel

The prepositional pronouns of **eadar - between** :
	eadarainn - between us
	eadaraibh - between you
	eatarra - between them
	eatarra - between them

The prepositional pronouns of **fo - under**, **below** :
fodham - under me	fodhainn - under us
fodhad - under you	fodhaibh - under you
fodha - under him	fòpa - under them
foipe - under her	fòpa - under them

The prepositional pronouns of **gu / chun - to**, **toward** :
thugam - to me	thugainn - to us
thugad - to you	thugaibh - to you
thuige - to him	thuca - to them
thuice - to her	thuca - to them

The prepositional pronouns of **ro ‡ / roimh - before** :
romham - before me	romhainn - before us
romhad - before you	romhaibh - before you
roimhe - before him	romhpa ‡ - before them
roimhpe ‡ - before her	romhpa ‡ - before them

‡ Optional h

The prepositional pronouns of **thar ‡ / thairis air - over, across** :
tharam / thairis orm - over me	tharainn / thairis oirnn - over us
tharad / thairis ort - over you	tharaibh / thairis oirbh - over you
thairis / thairis air - over him	tharta / thairis orra - over them
thairte/ thairis oirre - over her	tharta / thairis orra - over them

‡ The prepositional pronouns of thar are rarely heard and should be reserved for formal prose. Instead use the prepositional pronouns of air after thairis

The prepositional pronouns of **tro / troimh - through** :
tromham - through me	tromhainn - through us
tromhad - through you	tromhaibh - through you
troimhe - through him	tromhpa ‡ - through them
troimhpe ‡ - through her	tromhpa ‡ - through them

‡ optional h

Useful Idiom Using ro - before :

In association with the verb **cuir** - put :
Chuir mi romham seasamh aig an doras - I decided to stand at the door
Chuir e roimhe a dhol dhachaigh † - He decided to go home
An do chuir thu romhad càit a bheil thu a' dol? - Have you decided where you are going?

† With no object the verbal noun is used, except for a bhith, a dhol and a thighinn when the infinitive is used

When the verb is followed by a verbal noun taking a direct object then *word order reversal* takes place as already shown for Incomplete Verbs (see and ) :
Chuir mi romham cofaidh a dhèanamh - I decided to make coffee
Chuir i roimhpe am fiolm ùr fhaicinn - She decided to see the new film
An do chuir e roimhe an litir a fhreagairt? - Did he decide to answer the letter?

When the object of the sentence is a pronoun then the pronoun is replaced by its possessive adjective as already shown for Incomplete Verbs (see and ) :
Cuin a chuir iad romhpa d' fhaicinn? - When did they decide to see you?
Chuir sinn romhainn a ghlanadh - We decided to clean it (taigh = masculine)

Useful Idiom Using fo - under :

In association with the verb **rach - go** :
Chaidh an long fodha anns a' ghaillinn - The ship sank (went down) in the storm

Useful Idiom Using gun - without :

To introduce the idea of **not** into a sentence use the preposition **gun** + **a bhith** + **present participle** :
Chuir mi romham gun a bhith a' dol air saor-làithean - I decided not to go on holiday (lit. I decided not to be going on holiday)
Chuir mi romham gun a bhith a' gabhail saor-là - I decided not to take a holiday (lit. I decided not to be taking a holiday)

Some Useful Idioms Using às - out of :

Chan eil mi cinnteach às - I am not sure of it/him

Cha chuireadh i earbsa asta - She wouldn't trust them

Cò às a tha thu? - Where are you from? (Where do you originate from?)

Bha iad a' tarraing asam They were mocking/teasing me

Thug iad mo char asam - They cheated me

Leig mi sgriach asam - I screamed out / Leig thu sgriach asad - You screamed out

Thuit am bàta às a chèile - The boat fell apart

NEW WORDS

**Adverbs**
às a chèile - apart

**Nouns**
fiolm (m) - film
earbsa (f) - trust	fuath (f) - hatred, loathing
gailleann (f) - storm	saighead (f) - arrow

**Verbs**
cuir ro, cur ro - decide	dòirt, dòrtadh - pour
rach fodha, dol fodha - sink

**Verbal Phrases**
gun a bhith (+ present participle) - not to

**EXERCISE 1 Translate into English**
1.Dhòirt e an t-uisge thairis oirnn	2.Thilg e a' chlach troimhpe (uinneag)
3.Chaidh am bàta fodha	4.Thàinig fuath eatarra
5.Bhris an tonn thairis orra	6.Chaidh a bràthair roimhpe
7.Chuir sinn litir thuige	8.Bha (an t-)eagal aige romhpa
9.Chuir mi romham gun rachainn dhan taigh-dhealbh	10.Nach cuir thu romhad na tha thu a' dol a dhèanamh?
11.Na innis do dhuine eile sin, cùm eadarainn e	12.Chuir i roimhpe fhaicinn a-rithist

**EXERCISE 2 Translate into Gàidhlig**
1.The car went over him	2.The dog went under it (table)
3.He came between us	4.The pain cut through me
5.I wrote a letter to them	6.She left before me
7.Go ahead (before) of me	8.The arrow went through him
9.They decided not to go to the cèilidh	10.I decided to sit down
11.Pass it across to me	12.Did you decide not to go there?

**ANSWERS - EXERCISE 1**
1.He poured the water over us	2.He threw the stone through it
3.The boat went under (sank)	4.A hatred came between them
5.The wave broke over them	6.Her brother went in advance of her (before her)
7.We sent (to) him a letter	8.He was afraid of (before) them
9.I decided that I would go to the cinema	10.Will you not decide what you are going to do?
11.Don't tell anyone else that, keep it between us	12.She decided to see him again

**ANSWERS - EXERCISE 2**
1.Chaidh an càr thairis	2.Chaidh an cù fodha
3.Thàinig e eadarainn	4.Gheàrr am pian tromham
5.Sgrìobh mi litir thuca	6.Dh'fhàg i romham
7.Siuthad romham / Gabh romham	8.Chaidh an saighead troimhe
9.Chuir iad romhpa gun a bhith a' dol dhan chèilidh	10.Chuir mi romham suidhe sìos
11.Cuir a-nall thugam e	12.An do chuir thu romhad gun a bhith a' dol ann?

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