More Conjunctions
You have already met three
distinct groups of conjunctions and their usage in 
. Group 3
is revisited in this lesson and a fourth group is introduced.
Group 3
| air cho .. 's - no matter how .. |
| leis cho .. ' s - being so .. as |
| ge b' e cho .. 's - no matter how .. |
| Present | Past | Future | Conditional |
| a tha | a bha | a bhios | a bhithinn / a bhiodh |
| nach eil | nach robh | nach bi | nach bithinn / nach biodh |
‡ You have met the relative clause for other verbs in 
, , 
, 
,
, and 
Air cho còir 's a bhios e, cha toir e an càr aige air
iasad dhut |
| Air cho soilleir 's a tha a' ghrian a' deàrrsadh, tha e fhathast
fuar a-muigh Ge b' e cho soilleir 's a tha a' ghrian a' deàrrsadh, tha e fhathast fuar a-muigh - No matter how brightly the sun is shining, it's still cold outside |
| Cha bhi mi a' dol gun dannsadh leis cho sgìth 's a tha mi - I'll
not be going to the dance being as I'm so tired lit: I'll not be going to the dance being so tired as I am |
| Tha e blàth a-muigh leis cho soilleir 's a tha a' ghrian a' deàrrsadh - It's warm outside being as the sun is shining so brightly lit: It's warm outside being so brightly as the sun is shining |
Group 4
| a chionn 's - lit. since | air sgàth 's - lit. for the sake |
| airson 's - lit. for | do bhrìgh 's - lit. for (the) reason |
| leis - lit. with | ri linn 's - lit. due to, since |
The terminal 's
is optional in all cases but is becoming increasingly common in everyday speech and
writing.
The ones most commonly used in everyday speech are : a chionn 's,
air sgàth 's and airson 's.
| air chor 's - on condition, so that | air eagal 's - for fear, lest |
| cho .. 's - so .. that | mar ‡ - as if |
‡ as distinct from its
meaning in Group 2
| Present | Past | Future | Conditional |
| gu bheil | gun robh | gum bi | gum bithinn / gum biodh |
| nach eil | nach robh | nach bi | nach bithinn / nach biodh |
‡ You have met the dependent clause for other verbs in , , , ,
, and
Fhuair e peanas airson 's gun robh e mì-mhodhail ris an tidsear - He got a punishment because he was rude to the teacher |
Cha bhi mi ann aig a' chèilidh a chionn 's nach eil dad freagarrach agam ri chur orm - I'll not be at the ceilidh since I don't have anything suitable to put on |
| Feumaidh mi mo chòta a chur dhìom air sgàth 's gu bheil e cho teth an seo - I'll need to take off my coat because it's so hot in here |
| Tha mi a' dol tràth dha mo leabaidh leis gu bheil mi cho sgìth - I'm going to bed early because I am so tired |
| Ri linn 's gum bi e blàth brèagha a-màireach, gabhaidh sinn cuirm-chnuic air an tràigh - Since it will be nice and warm tomorrow we will have a picnic on the beach |
Faodaidh tu a dhol ann air chor 's gum bi thu modhail - You may go there so long as you are polite |
| Chaidh iad am falach air eagal 's gun glacadh an t-uilebheist iad - They hid for fear that the monster would catch them |
| Sheas e mar gun robh na cheannard - He stood as if he was the chief |
| Bha an duine cho trom 's gun do thuit e tron deigh - The man was so heavy that he fell through the ice |
Idiomatic Uses of ach
| Dh'fhàg mi an doras fosgailte ach an cluinninn an còmhradh aca - I left the door open so that I might (could) hear their conversation |
| Gluaisidh mi a' chathair ach am faigh thu mòran rùim - I'll move the chair so that you may get more room |
| Sheas e eadar a' chlann is an cù ach am biodh iad sàbhailte - He stood between the children and the dog so that they might (would) be safe |
Idiomatic Uses of agus
| Bha mi a-muigh anns an uisge; agus mise gun chòta orm - I was out in the rain with no coat on |
| Tha mo bhean a' cluiche goilf; agus mise a-staigh a' deasachadh na dìnnearach - My wife is playing golf, meanwhile I'm indoors preparing the dinner |
| Bha cù a' comhartaich; is mise a' feuchainn ri tuiteam nam chadal - There was a dog barking, meanwhile I was trying to fall sleep |
NEW WORDS 
cruaidh - hard |
deiseil (de) - finished (with) |
| freagarrach - suitable | mì-mhodhail - rude |
| modhail - polite | soilleir - bright |
air iasad - on loan |
thall thairis - abroad, overseas |
ach - so (subjectively) |
a chionn 's - since, because |
| agus - with, meanwhile | air cho .. 's - no matter how .. |
| air chor 's - on (the) condition, so that | air eagal 's - for fear, lest |
| air sgàth 's - because | cho .. 's - as .. as |
| airson 's - for, because | do bhrìgh 's - because |
| ge b' e cho .. 's - no matter how .. | leis cho .. 's - seeing as .. so |
| ri linn - due to, because |
cùirtear, cùrtair (m) - curtain |
fuaradair (m) - refrigerator |
| nàbaidh (m) - neighbour | peanas (m) - punishment, penalty |
| soitheach (m) - dish, vessel | teas (m) - heat |
| uilebheist (m) - monster | |
| cuirm-chnuic (f) - picnic | deigh (f) - ice |
| dreasa (f) - dress | gaoth (f) - wind |
| iris (f) - magazine | lèine (f) - shirt |
| miotag (f) - glove |
càraich, càradh - repair, mend |
cuir air, cur air - turn on (light, radio &c) |
| cuir dheth, cur dheth - turn off (light, radio &c) | deàrrs, deàrrsadh - shine |
| fuiling, fulang - suffer | rach am falach, dol am falach - hide, go into hiding (intransitive verb) |
| sèid, sèideadh - blow, swell | thoir air iasad (do), toirt air iasad (do) - lend (to) |
| cuir air, cur air - put on (clothes) cuir orm/ort &c, cur orm/ort &c e.g. Chuir mi orm lèine ghlan - I put on a clean shirt Chuir mi oirre an ad - I put on her hat. lit: I put on her the hat |
| cuir de, cur de - take off (clothes) cuir dhìom/dhìot &c, cur dhìom/dhìot &c e.g. Chuir mi dhìom mo chòta - I took off my coat Chuir mo mhàthair dhìom na miotagan - My mother took off my gloves. lit: My mother put off me the gloves |
tha an t-eagal orm/ort &c (ro) - I am/you are &c afraid (of), and often without article: tha eagal orm/ort &c |
| tha fallas orm/ort &c - I am/you are &c sweating |
1.Cha tèid mi dhan chèilidh air sgàth 's nach eil dreasa agam |
2.B' fheàrr leam fulang a chionn 's gu bheil an t-eagal orm ron fhiaclair |
| 3.Do bhrìgh 's gun robh i ann anmoch a-raoir, tha i fhathast na leabaidh | 4.Bidh iad a' dol thall thairis a chionn 's gur toil leotha an teas |
| 5.Thuit e na chadal ri linn 's gun robh e sgìth dhen chòmhradh | 6.Dh'fhosgail mi an cùirtear air chor 's gum faicinn mo nàbaidh a' tighinn |
| 7.Thug mi mìlseag dhì air chor 's gum biodh i math | 8.Air eagal 's gun cailleadh e airgead, chàraich a mhàthair an toll ann am pòcaid a bhriogais |
| 9.Thug mi an iris do mo charaid airson 's gun robh mi deiseil dheth | 10.Bidh mi ag èirigh tràth a-màireach ri linn 's gum feum mi trèan a ghlacadh aig sia uairean |
| 11.Dh'innis e an sgeul mar gur e an fhìrinn a bha innte | 12.Rinn mo mhac na soithichean air eagal 's nach fhaigheadh e airgead-pòcaid |
1.I would like my dinner now because I am very hungry |
2.She keeps the curtains closed because she doesn't like the view |
| 3.We had to lock the door because the wind was blowing strongly | 4.They were sweating because they were working so hard |
| 5.I will leave on the light because you are afraid of the dark | 6.The milk was sour because she didn't put it back in the refrigerator |
1.Ge b' e cho trom 's a bhios an t-uisge, thèid sinn gu muir |
2.Coisichidh sinn dhachaigh leis cho brèagha 's a tha am feasgar |
| 3.Thèid mi dhan choinneimh ach am faigh mi cothrom bruidhinn | 4.Tha a' Ghàidhlig aig mo bhean is a' chlann, agus seo mise gun fhacal agam dhith |
| 5.Air cho cruaidh 's a bhios an obair, bidh i daonnan toilichte | 6.Bha an t-uisge cho teth 's gun do loisg mi mo làmh |
| 1.I'll not go to the ceilidh because I don't have a dress | 2.I'd rather suffer because I'm very afraid of the dentist |
| 3.Because she was late in last night, she is still in her bed | 4.They'll be going abroad because they like heat |
| 5.He fell asleep because he was tired of the conversation | 6.I opened the curtain so that I could (would) see my neighbour coming |
| 7.I gave her a sweet on the condition that she would be good | 8.For fear that he would lose his money, his mother mended the hole in his trouser pocket |
| 9.I gave my friend the magazine because I was finished with it | 10.I will be getting up early tomorrow since I need to catch a train at six o' clock |
| 11.He related the story as if it were the truth | 12.My son did the dishes for fear that he wouldn't get his pocket money |
| 1a.Bu toil leam mo dhìnnear a-nis a chionn 's gu bheil an t-acras orm 1b.Bu toil leam mo dhìnnear a-nis air sgàth 's gu bheil an t-acras orm 1c.Bu toil leam mo dhìnnear a-nis airson 's gu bheil an t-acras orm |
2a.Cumaidh i na cùirtearan dùinte a chionn 's nach toil leatha an
sealladh 2b.Cumaidh i na cùirtearan dùinte air sgàth 's nach toil leatha an sealladh 2c.Cumaidh i na cùirtearan dùinte airson 's nach toil leatha an sealladh |
| 3a.Dh'fheumadh sinn an doras a ghlasadh a chionn 's gun robh a' ghaoth a'
sèideadh gu làidir 3b.Dh'fheumadh sinn an doras a ghlasadh air sgàth 's gun robh a' ghaoth a' sèideadh gu làidir 3c.Dh'fheumadh sinn an doras a ghlasadh airson 's gun robh a' ghaoth a' sèideadh gu làidir |
4a.Bha fallas orra a chionn 's gun robh iad ag obair cho cruaidh 4b.Bha fallas orra air sgàth 's gun robh iad ag obair cho cruaidh 4c.Bha fallas orra airson 's gun robh iad ag obair cho cruaidh |
| 5a.Fàgaidh mi air an solas a chionn 's gum bi eagal ort ron dorchadas 5b.Fàgaidh mi air an solas air sgàth 's gum bi eagal ort ron dorchadas 5c.Fàgaidh mi air an solas airson 's gum bi eagal ort ron dorchadas |
6a.Bha am bainne goirt a chionn 's nach do chuir i air ais anns an
fhuaradair e 6b.Bha am bainne goirt air sgàth 's nach do chuir i air ais anns an fhuaradair e 6c.Bha am bainne goirt airson 's nach do chuir i air ais anns an fhuaradair e |
1.No matter how heavy the rain, we will go to sea |
2.We will walk home being as the evening is so fine |
| 3.I will go to the meeting that I may get a chance to talk | 4.My wife and children have Gàidhlig, meanwhile here am I without a word of it |
| 5.No matter how hard the work, she is always happy | 6.The water was so hot that I burnt my hand |
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